Chemistry Component

Economic Impacts

Materials/Procedure:

Materials

• 2 tennis balls
• 18 inches of tape
• Scissors
• Ruler
• Protractor
• Compass
• Permenant Marker
  

Procedure:

1. First we sketched out multiple designs of the cannon. 
2. 
   

   Outlined the final design with sharpie pen and took pictures of the final and previous designs.
3. Then we took pictures of our materials
4. Took measurements of the cannon, getting the proper angle that the cannon would be tilted at.
5. Made marks with the sharpie pen and ruler on one canister, and used it to draw a circle around the canister at the 4.5 inches. This would be attached to the 4.0 inch canister
6. The next canister we cut would be at 4.0 inches.
7. Afterwards we tried to make the hole in the bottom of the 4.5 inch canister, in order to do this we used pens, thumbtacks, compass and scissors. We do this in order to hopefully achieve a greater pressure.
8. It took us about ten minutes to get a hole the size of a tack. When one of our male colleague did it in ten seconds it was the size of a pencil eraser.
9. After we successfully poked the hole in the bottom of the 4.5 inch canister we inserted it into the 4.0 inch canister and we moved it to a 27 degree angle. This would be the whole barrel.
10. We traced the 27 degree angle onto the sheet of paper  took the remainder from the 4.5 inch canister and traces the dip in it before cutting it. This would be our base for our cannon.
11. Finally, we attached the barrel to the base, making sure everything was secured tightly with tape.

Math Component

Cannon Blog: Math Component
Initial velocity equation: (speed (ft/sec))cos(launch angle)
Use the quadratic model h = -16t²+v₀t+h₀ to solve the following problem.
Blog about the steps you took to solve these problems.

A cannonball is shot upward from the upper deck of a fort with an initial velocity of 192 feet per second.  The deck is 32 feet above the ground. 

Quadratic Model: h = -16t²+192t+32 

1.     How high does the cannonball go? 608 feet

2.     How long is the cannonball in the air? 12 seconds

Procedure to find this answer

•  In order to the this part of the project I plugged the formula into the y=. The formula is listed above and when i went over to the table I saw the highest part of the parabola, the x coordinate is 6 while the y coordinate is 608.
•  Once I found this I used the number 608 as the highest that the cannonball goes because it is the vertext of the parabola.
•  Afterwards I went back to the table and scrolled down until I reached zero or at least near it. I got to the x coordinate of 12 and the y coordinate of 32. If I went to 13 it would have been to the negatives so I assumed it was between 12-13 seconds of time. 

Cannons and there Ammunition

This is a picture of a cannon that was suppossedly used in the French Emperor Napolean. It was dug up at an excavation on March 12,2003 on the edge of Jaffa's Old City, in the south of modern Tel Aviv. The cannon was assumed to have weighed one ton and is 6.5 feet long.







These cannons were being manufactured one hundred years before the arrival of Europeans.  These cannons are smooth bore and muzzle loading.  They were used to signal troops to start and end war. They were also  used by royalty to announce a royal birth or wedding.




This is what the ammunition looked like for the 18th century cannons.



This is more recently used ammo in newer cannons.



This is another example of ammuntion used in the 18th century cannons.



This is a 500 year old cannon.  The ammuntion used for this cannon had Rose Mary in them.  This is a bronze cannon.  This cannon was best used for traveling than the regular one ton cannons.


Cannons have been around since the Middle Ages. Since that time, cannons developed from sled-drawn tubes to the high-tech pieces that armies field today. There essentially two types of cannons: smoothbore and rifled. Smoothbore cannons are the oldest examples of artillery. They are usually cast iron or brass and the inside of the barrel is smooth. These types of cannons fire a ball. Rifled cannons have circular grooves cut into the inside of the barrel and fire a projectile or shell. The circular grooves cause the shell to spin in the air, which allows it travel farther and have more accuracy.